Vulnerability Related

Inspector

• Evaluates the security status of EC2, ECR, Lambda
• Automatically assesses applications for vulns or deviations from best practices
• Uses automated reasoning to analyze network access policies and alert about breaches

Information gathering

Gathering Level	Assessment Type	Description
Network	Network Assessment	Network reachability = enumerates what ports are accessible from outside of a VPC (+ what process listening on those ports, with agents)
OS & apps	Host Assessment	Monitors file system/processes Via an Amazon Inspector Agent (requires linked role to enumerate EC2 instances and network config)

Components

Component	Description
Rule	Predefined security check to evaluate against an EC2 Severity levels: high, medium, low, informational
Rule Packages	Collection of rules Examples: Common vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) CIS Benchmarks (OS Security Configuration) Security Best Practices (OS config including remote access) Runtime Behavior Analysis (protocols, ports, software config)
Assessment Target	List of EC2 instances (can filter by tags)
Assessment Template	Defines which Rule Packages run on which Assessment Target Can be run multiple times
Assessment Run	Contains results (findings) of each Assessment Template run
Finding	Stored as a JSON Each contains: Severity Date of discovery Description Recommendations

Delivery of Findings

Delivery Type	Description
PDF/HTML Report	Can be generated for each assessment run Inspector collects instances' telemetry data in JSON-formatted files and stores them in an Inspector-owned S3 bucket You cannot access these files (after a 30-day retention period they are automatically deleted)
Stream	Define an SNS topic in the assessment template The topic will receive notifications when a finding is reported and when an assessment run starts, finishes, or changes its state

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Security Hub

• Centralize security related alerts across accounts, and provides a UI for viewing these
• The biggest limitation is it does not centralize alerts across regions, only across accounts
• Findings from:
  • GuardDuty
  • Config
  • Inspector
  • Macie
  • Firewall Manager
  • IAM Access Analyzer
  • third party
  • self-generated against CIS standards

Components

Component	Description
Security Standard	A list of security controls and the definition of how those should be configured Security Hub compares the current environment status with the expected controls the security standard establishes Change-triggered checks: run when a change in the monitored resource is detected (requires the resource to be supported by AWS Config) Scheduled checks: periodic check no later than 12h after the last execution As a result of the comparison, Security Hub produces a verdict of compliance for each of the controls
Workflow	Describes a series of stages in which a finding can be positioned at any point in time Finding attributes: WorkflowStatus: New, Notified, Suppressed, Resolved RecordState: Active, Archived
Insights	Filters and groupings that allow to see affected resources in groups to facilitate analysis

Delivery

• Security Hub integrates with EventBridge at two levels
  1. EventBridge captures in the default bus the findings reported by Security Hub
  2. Configure custom actions
     • Configure a unique ID related to a custom action name, and a custom action to execute
     • Security Hub will report an event to EventBridge, sending the findings or insights information in conjunction with an attribute to distinguish this event as a custom action and another attribute including the custom action's unique ID
• You can apply a custom action for up to 20 findings and up to 100 resource identifiers (from insights) at the same time

Remediation

Approach	Description
Manual
Semi-Automatic	Use predefined custom actions
Automatic	All findings from Security Hub generate CloudWatch Events From the Amazon CloudWatch Events console, you can create a rule using Security Hub as the service name and setting Security Hub Findings - Imported as Event Type

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Detective

General Info

• Continuously extracts temporal events such as login attempts, API calls, and network traffic from GuardDuty, CloudTrail, and VPC Flow Logs into a graph model that summarizes the resource behaviors and interactions observed across your entire AWS environment
• Automatically correlates user activity without the need for you to enable, store, or retain logs manually

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Trusted Advisor

• Makes recommendations on cost reductions, rlieability, performance, and security
• Monitors how close you are to reaching service limits
• Need a business/enterprise subscription for all features
• Operations
  • Checks resources throughout all regions
  • It is enabled or disabled at the account level
  • Exclusions
    • Can exclude resources from all checks
    • Can't suppress individual checks

Checks

Categories	Core Checks	Security Checks
Cost Optimization Security Fault Tolerance Performance Service Limits	S3 Bucket Permissions Security Groups - Specific Ports Unrestricted IAM Use MFA on Root Account EBS Public Snapshots RDS Public Snapshots Service Limits	Security group open access to specific high-risk ports Security group unrestricted access Open write and List access to S3 buckets MFA on root account Overly permissive RDS security group Use of cloudtrail Route 53 MX records have SPF records ELB with poor or missing HTTPS config ELB security groups missing or overly permissive CloudFront cert checks - expired, weak, misconfigured IAM access keys not rotated in last 90 days Exposed access keys on GitHub etc Public EBS or RDS snapshots Missing or weak IAM password policy